01 / THE STORY
Balmoral Castle: history and highlights
Balmoral looks like an old Highland fortress from a distance. Up close, its turrets and clock tower tell a different story: this is a Victorian family home, designed to feel thoroughly Scottish rather than to withstand a siege.
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert first leased the estate in 1848 and bought it in 1852. The older sixteenth-century tower house could not accommodate their growing family, so Albert asked Aberdeen architect William Smith to design a new residence.
A new castle beside the old
Work began in 1853. Victoria laid the foundation stone, beneath which went a signed parchment and examples of the coins then in circulation. Local granite from Glen Gelder gave the new castle its pale, solid appearance. It was finished in 1856; the old building was subsequently demolished. A stone on the front lawn still marks the position of its front door.
Royal life away from the palace
Balmoral became a private royal retreat, not a state palace. Queen Elizabeth II returned regularly for the Highland summer and died here on 8 September 2022. That family connection is the heart of the place: its story is less about medieval warfare than about generations making a home in Deeside.